Building (139; Figs. 2, 3). A farmstead (10×15 m), probably dating to the Byzantine period. It was cleaned and measured, but not excavated. The opening of a cistern (diam. 5.5 m) was discovered south of the structure.
 
Pool (148; Figs. 4, 5). Seven steps (width 0.80–1.15 m, height 0.2–0.5 m) led down into the southeastern corner of a pool that was bedrock-hewn (4.20×4.75 m, depth 2 m). Two farming terraces (163) were documented next to this corner.
 
Limekilns (154, 175, 209; Fig. 6). Three circular, rock-hewn kilns (154 –diam. 3.8 m; 175, 209 – diam. 5 m; depth c. 4 m), with stone construction incorporated in them, were recorded.
 
Winepresses
No.
Treading Floor (m)
Settling Pit
(m)
Collecting Vat
(m)
Comments
144
(Fig.  7)
Circular, diam. 1.6
 
Diam. 0.45 m, depth 0.3 m
Cupmark (diam. 0.4 m, depth 0.25 m) next to western side of treading floor
152
(Figs. 8, 9)
3.13×3.40 depth 0.36
Square,
0.8×0.8 depth 0.56
1.13×1.15 plastered
A cistern with two openings was dug beneath the treading floor in a later phase; one opening was in the collecting vat and the other, in the southwestern corner of the treading floor
155A
(Fig. 10)
1.13×2.03 max. depth 0.17
 
0.93×1.32 depth 0.52
A channel with a square cross-section (length 0.24 m, width and depth 0.1 m) leading from treading floor to collecting vat.
156
(Fig. 11)
3.9×4.0 max. depth 0.42
 
0.8×1.1 
depth 1.23
 
162
(Figs. 12, 13)
3.34×3.80
max. depth 0.75
0.7×0.7 depth 0.5
1.4×1.4
 depth 1.45; gray plaster (thickness 4 cm)
A channel (length 0.35 m, width 0.12 m) leading to settling pit; another channel (length 0.2 m) leads from pit to collecting vat; a stone (diam. 0.5 m, length 1.2 m), used as weight, was discovered in collecting vat; three fill layers were discerned alongside vats: gray plaster, overlain with stones, overlain with white plaster that was meant to form a straight surface at ground level
168
(Figs. 14, 15)
2.75×3.00 
depth 0.3
 
1.25×1.50 depth 1.25; plastered
A channel (length 1 m, depth 0.25 m) leads to collecting vat; a weight (diam. 0.4 m, length 1.2 m) was discovered inside vat; twenty-six cup-marks discovered around winepress
174
(Figs. 16, 17)
2.6×2.6, depth 0.5
1.1×1.4, depth 1.3; elliptical
 
A channel (length 0.25 m, width 0.1 m) leads to settling pit; a cupmark is (diam. 0.5 m, depth 0.3 m) located east of winepress
210
(Figs. 18, 19),
wine-press ?
2.15×3.90
 
 
A recess (diam. 13 cm, depth 9 cm) is hewn in northeastern corner of surface; a cupmark (diam. 0.57 m, depth 0.15 m) is 1.2 m west of surface and west of it – a hewn opening (diam. 0.9 m) leading to underground cavity, at whose southeastern end is another opening (diam. 1.1 m)
220B
(Figs. 20, 21)
3.7×3.8, depth 0.6
 
Two vats (0.76×0.96, depth 0.58; 1.16×1.16, depth 1.97); the large vat served as settling pit; the filtered must passed through a hole (width 0.15) into small vat
 
230A
(Fig. 22)
2.15×2.60, depth 0.10–0.62
 
0.55×0.70, depth 0.9; white plaster with potsherds dating to the Byzantine period
 
230B
2.15×2.15, depth 0.25–0.62
 
 
The collecting vat north of the treading floor was enlarged and converted into a courtyard of a burial cave (230B below)
 
Winepresses 152, 162, 220B and possibly 210 are of the type, referred to by Frankel as ‘Four Squares’ and dated to the Byzantine period. The ceramic finds recovered from the treading floor of Winepress 152 included a bowl fragment (Fig. 23:2) dating to the end of the eighth–beginning of ninth centuries CE, a jar fragment (Fig. 23:3) dating to the Umayyad and Abbasid periods and two jug fragments (Fig. 23:4, 5) from the Abbasid period. These potsherds had probably originated in the fill that accumulated on the treading floor after the winepress was no longer in use. The winepress type with a treading floor and a square collecting vat is also quite common and Winepresses 155A, 156, 168 and possibly 220B are ascribed to it. Another type of winepress (Sites 144, 174, 210) has a square treading floor, connected by a channel to either a collecting basin or elliptical cupmark. It is not possible to date these winepresses. Beneath the plaster in the collecting vat of Winepress 230A were Late Roman C bowl fragments (Fig. 23:6, 7) dating to the middle of the sixth–beginning of the seventh centuries CE, a jar fragment (Fig. 23:8) from the third–fourth centuries CE and a jar fragment (Fig. 23:9) dating to the end of the sixth–eighth centuries CE.
 
Tombs (199, 208, 220C, 230B). Cave 199 is probably a burial cave, based on the shape of its opening – a rectangular shaft with three steps (width 0.25 m, height 0.3 m). However, it was not excavated and therefore its function can not be ascertained. Cave 208 is a natural cave (diam. 7 m) whose opening faces north. A probe trench generally oriented north–south was excavated in the cave, yet no ancient remains were discovered, apart from a burial of a young individual. A hewn cist grave (220C; length 2.35 m, width 0.85 m) was discovered west of Cave 199. Five cupmarks (diam. 10 cm, depth 5 cm) were documented north of the tomb and the cave. The courtyard (3.30×3.35 m) hewn north of Winepress 230B served as an entrance to a burial cave (Fig. 24). An opening (0.85×0.85 m) hewn in the front of the cave was dressed with drafted margins, characteristic of the Second Temple period, and was discovered sealed with a large stone. The opening led to a large chamber (2.7×3.0 m) in whose sides were eight hewn loculi. At the request of the contractor, none of the aforementioned tombs were excavated. A fragment of a jar neck (Fig. 23:10) that was collected from the soil fill in the forecourt of the tomb dated it to the period from the end of the sixth–eighth centuries CE.
 
Crushing Basin (Yam) of an Olive Press and Bodedot (142, 161, 176, 226). A stone crushing basin of an olive press (142; diam. 1.9 m, height 0.3–0.4 m; Fig. 25) was discovered. The hewing of the basin was incomplete and a round hole (diam. 0.3 m) was perforated in its center. Two bodedot were discovered on two bedrock outcrops. One had a channel (length 0.77 m, width 6 cm) that led to a cupmark (161; diam. 0.52 m, depth 0.35 m; Fig. 26) and the other had a treading surface (176; 0.6×0.8 m; Figs. 27, 28) that drained into an elliptical cupmark (0.3×0.4 m, depth 0.25 m). A channel extended from a bodeda and a cupmark (226; diam. 0.48 m, depth 0.2 m; Figs. 29, 30) to a triangular-shaped collecting vat (2.20×3.65×3.80 m) that was probably natural.
 
Cisterns (151, 155B, 165, 196, 197). Cistern 151 had two openings; a western elliptical one (0.85×1.30 m) that was discovered open, and an eastern opening (diam. 0.8–1.0 m) that was blocked with fieldstones. Cistern 155B had also two openings, 2.17 m apart and both were blocked with stones. The northern opening (diam. 0.7×1.1 m) was round and the southern (0.50×0.83 m) was rectangular. A rock block, in which the cistern’s opening (0.7×1.4 m) had been cut, was discovered on the bottom of Cistern 165 (5×8 m), which had caved-in. A round opening (diam. 0.8 m) of Cistern 196 was discovered in a bedrock outcrop and to its west was a cupmark (diam. 0.44 m, depth 0.25 m). Cistern 197, which had been enlarged and adapted for use as a cistern, was originally a burial cave, equipped with arcosolia. The cistern’s opening was rectangular (0.7×1.7 m).
  
Farming Terraces
No.
Length (m)
Width (m)
Direction
Building material
137
15
0.5 on average
North–south
Fieldstones
147
9
0.5–1.0
East–west
Fieldstones
153
7.8
0.5–0.9
Crosses a wadi in a southwest-northeast direction
Bedrock outcrop and boulders
159
5.6
0.5–0.8
North–south
Boulders
163
7;
16
0.6–1.3, 1.0–1.5
North–south
Bedrock outcrops and fieldstones
169
4
 
East–west
Fieldstones
171/172
9
0.3–0.7
Northwest-southeast
Fieldstones
198
48
0.9 on average
East–west
Boulders
211
34
0.4–0.8
North–south
Fieldstones
212
28
0.5–1.0
North–south
Fieldstones
213A
27
0.5 on average
East–west
Bedrock outcrop and boulders
221
27
0.9
North–south
Fieldstones
222
4;
44
0.7–0.9; 0.5–0.7
East–west
Boulders
223
13
0.3–0.5
East–west
Bedrock outcrop and fieldstones
224
16
0.6–0.9
East–west
Fieldstones
227
7
0.5–0.8
North–south
Fieldstones
232
9
0.3 on average
East–west
Boulders
233
10
0.5
East–west
Fieldstones
 
 
Cupmarks
No.
Diameter/Size (m)
Depth (m)
194
0.47
0.24
177 three (Fig. 31)
0.5×0.5; 0.3×0.6; 0.5×0.7
 
213 (Figs. 32, 33)
0.54
0.3
217 one large cupmark and several smaller ones (Fig. 34)
0.67; small cupmarks – 10 cm
0.24; small cupmarks – 5 cm
228 – rectangular basin and
cupmarks (Fig. 35)
0.86×1.35;
cupmarks – 9 cm
0.64;
cupmarks – 5 cm on average
 
Installations. An elliptical rock-hewn installation (136; diam. 0.8 m, depth 0.15–0.30 m; Fig. 36), which was used to extract liquid, possibly in the context of wine production, was documented. A channel (width 0.15 m) led from its western end to the cistern adjacent to Building 139. A jar fragment (Fig. 23:1) dating to the third–fourth centuries CE was discovered in the collecting basin. Another rock-hewn installation (220A; Fig. 37) included a circular rock-cutting (diam. 1.1 m, depth 0.9 m) to whose south was a cupmark (diam. 0.25 m, depth 0.52 m) and a channel (width 5 cm, depth 5 cm) between them. North of the installation was a bedrock outcrop with quarrying marks. A rock-cutting (146) from which a stone had been removed (0.7×0.9 m) was visible on a straightened bedrock surface.
 
Caves. A possibly natural cave (225) was documented; it has three openings: a northern elliptical one (diam. c. 1.2 m), a southern opening (diam. 2.3 m) and a western one that may be a natural crevice.
 
Rock-hewn Steps. Six rock-hewn steps (229B) that ascend from west to east and become narrower toward the east (Fig. 38) were discovered. Their dimensions from west to east are as follows:
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
0.68
0.90
0.14
0.84
0.45
0.14
1.20
0.63
0.05
1.41
0.25
0.14
1.70
0.33
0.05
1.48
0.32
0.20
 
All the aforementioned installations apparently belong to the two adjacent settlements Horbat Kelah and Horbat Zekharya. The kinds of installations and their locations had no visible order, nor was it possible to ascribe any of them to a particular settlement. Moreover, the lack of information about the nearby sites makes it difficult to date the installations. North of this installations area is another complex of installations, referred to as “The Tombs of the Maccabees”.